Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://www.actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X6520
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Short Research Note

Marine free-living nematodes in semiarid inland waters

Nematoda marinho de vida livre em águas continentais no semiárido

Fábio Lucas de Oliveira Barros; Maria Cristina da Silva; Francisco José Victor de Castro; Miodeli Nogueira Júnior

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Abstract

Abstract:: Aim: This study reports the occurrence of five Nematoda genera previously considered as exclusively marine in inland waters.

Methods: Sediment samples were taken, weekly, during nine weeks, at a small spring at the Horto Florestal Olho D’Água da Bica, Cuité, PB, ca. 130 km away from the shoreline, between March and May 2016 and fixed in 4% formalin. Nematodes were sorted by manual elutriation through sieves with 0.5 and 0.045 mm and slides were prepared.

Results: The sediment was classified as coarse sand, with organic matter content ranging between 2.73 and 13.32%, temperature between 27-28°C and constant salinity of 6. From 315 nematodes were sampled among which 18 were from five genera previously thought to be exclusively marine were found. Bolbolaimus was the most common, found in 11.1% of the samples, followed by Gomphionema (3.7%), Rynchonema (7.4%), Prorynchonema (7.4%) e Sabatieria (3.7%), representing 5.7% from total of nematofauna. These genera are widely distributed worldwide, but had never been recorded from inland environments.

Conclusions: This study contributes with the distributional knowledge of free-living nematodes. From literature data, these genera are not restricted by low salinity, and can be found in estuarine and/or brackish water environments and body water with direct connection to the sea. In any case, the presence of marine genera in this region which is >130 km away from the nearest shoreline is noteworthy, highlighting the importance of studying nematodes from these poorly known semiarid water bodies. These new occurrences raise questionings about the dispersal mechanisms that certified the colonization of these nematodes in the semiarid.

Keywords

meiofauna, nematofauna, distribution, taxonomy and ecology

Resumo

Resumo:: Objetivo: Esse trabalho relata a ocorrência de gêneros de Nematoda, que eram previamente considerados restritos a ambientes marinhos, em águas continentais.

Métodos: Amostras de sedimentos foram coletadas semanalmente, durante nove semanas, entre março e maio de 2016 no Horto Florestal Olho D’Água da Bica, Cuité, PB, cerca de 130 km da região costeira mais próxima e fixados em formol 4%. Os Nematoda foram separados por elutriação manual através de peneira de malha de 0,5 e 0,045 mm e lâminas foram confeccionadas.

Resultados: O sedimento foi classificado como areia grossa, com teor de matéria orgânica variando entre 2,73 e 13,32%, temperatura entre 27-28°C e salinidade constante de 6. Dentre 315 nematoides coletados, 18 são de cinco gêneros marinhos. Bolbolaimus foi o mais frequente, presente em 11,1% das amostras, seguido de Gomphionema (3,7%), Rynchonema (7,4%), Prorynchonema (7,4%) e Sabatieria (3,7%), representando 5,7% do total da nematofauna. Esses gêneros têm ampla distribuição no mundo, mas não possuem registros prévios em ambientes continentais, sendo a primeira ocorrência nesse estudo.

Conclusões: Este trabalho contribui com o conhecimento da distribuição de Nematoda de vida livre. De acordo com os dados de literatura, esses gêneros não possuem restrições a baixas salinidades, sendo encontrados em regiões estuarinas e/ou águas salobras e também em corpos de água doce com conexão direta com o mar. Ainda assim, é notável a presença de gêneros marinhos há ~130 km de distância da costa, enfatizando a importância de estudos em diferentes corpos d’água no semiárido, permitindo questionar sobre quais mecanismos de dispersão permitiram esses indivíduos colonizar essa região.
 

Palavras-chave

meiofauna, nematofauna, distribuição, taxonomia e ecologia

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Submitted date:
06/25/2020

Accepted date:
05/21/2021

Publication date:
06/11/2021

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