Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://www.actalb.org/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X2321
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Leaf breakdown in a tropical stream: comparison between the exotic Eucalyptus grandis and two native species

Decomposição foliar em um riacho tropical: comparação entre a exótica Eucalyptus grandis e duas espécies nativas

Gisele Pires Pelizari; Ariane Almeida Vaz; Davi Butturi-Gomes; Welber Senteio Smith

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Abstract

Abstract: Aim: We evaluated the leaf decomposition in a first order stream of the exotic Eucalyptus grandis and two native species Lithraea molleoides and Maytenus aquifolium common riparian trees in a tropical forest. Besides seasonal effects on leaf decomposition of the three species were evaluated.

Methods: The dried leaves were incubated in litter bags” of 20 x 20 cm with 10 mm of mesh opening in two different treatments and at two times of the year (dry and rainy): i) 48 “litter bags” containing 4 g of leaves, being 24 “litter bags” with leaves of L. molleoides and 24 with E. grandis and ii) 48 “litter bags” containing 4 g of leaves, being 24 “litter bags” with of M. aquifolium and 24 with leaves of E. grandis. After 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 days of immersion, randomly removed four “litter bags” of each species to carry out the analyzes.

Results: The weight loss in the first two days was between 20% and 40% in both experiments and in both seasons of the year. Leaf decomposition was higher in L. molleoides (k=0.0062 ± 0.0002 day-1) than in E. grandis (k=0.0039 ± 0.0005 day-1) in the dry season and higher in L. molleoides (k=0.0185 ± 0.0002 day-1) than E. grandis (k=0.0164 ± 0.0003 day-1) in the rainy season. In the second experiment the decomposition rates were higher in M. aquifolium (k=0.0151 ± 0.0009 day-1) than E. grandis (k=0.0149 ± 0.0006 day-1) in the dry season and higher in M. aquifolium (k=0.0174 ± 0.0001 day-1) than E. grandis (k=0.0164 ± 0.0002 day-1) in the rainy season. Besides, the results indicate that there is an effect of both the dry and rainy season and the native or exotic species on the decomposition rates.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that, the seasons are likely to influence leaf decomposition, and future studies should consider seasonality. Furthermore, the exotic species had a lower decomposition rate compared to native species, which reinforces that the replacement of native riparian vegetation by exotic species such as eucalyptus can interfere on the quality of allochthonous resources and on the cycling of nutrients in neotropical streams.

Keywords

leaf decomposition, riparian forest, seasonality, negative exponential model

Resumo

Resumo: Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a decomposição foliar da espécie exótica Eucalyptus grandis e das espécies nativas Lithraea molleoides e Maytenus aquifolium (árvores ribeirinhas comuns em uma floresta tropical) em um riacho de primeira ordem. Além disso, foram avaliados os efeitos sazonais na decomposição foliar das três espécies.

Métodos: As folhas secas foram incubadas em litter bags de 20 x 20 cm com 10 mm de abertura de malha em dois tratamentos distintos e em duas épocas do ano (seca e chuvosa): i) 48 “litter bags” contendo 4 g de folhas, sendo 24 “litter bags” com folhas de L.molleoides e 24 com folhas de E. grandis por estação e ii) 48 “litter bags”, sendo 24 “litter bags” com folhas de M. aquifolium e 24 com folhas de E. grandis. Após 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 60 dias de imersão, foram retirados, aleatoriamente, quatro “litter bags” de cada espécie para a realização das análises.

Resultados: A perda de peso nos primeiros dois dias esteve entre 20% e 40% em ambos os experimentos e épocas do ano analisadas. As taxas de decomposição foram: L. molleoides (k=0.0062 ± 0.0002 dia-1) > E. grandis (k=0.0039 ± 0.0005 dia-1) na época seca e L. molleoides (k=0.0185 ± 0.0002 dia-1) > E. grandis (k=0.0164 ± 0.0003 dia-1) na época chuvosa. No segundo experimento os resultados mostraram M. aquifolium (k=0.0151 ± 0.0009 dia-1) > E. grandis (k=0.0149 ± 0.0006 dia-1) na época seca e M. aquifolium (k=0.0174 ± 0.0001 dia-1) > E. grandis (k=0.0164 ± 0.0002 dia-1) na época chuvosa. Os resultados demonstraram ainda que há efeito tanto da época seca e chuvosa, quanto das espécies nativas ou exóticas no coeficiente de decomposição, indicando que no período chuvoso a taxa de decomposição mais alta.

Conclusões: Nossos resultados indicam que a época do ano influencia a decomposição das folhas, e futuros estudos devem considerar a sazonalidade. Além disso, a espécie exótica apresentou taxa de decomposição mais baixa em comparação com as espécies nativas, o que reforça que a substituição da vegetação ripária nativa por espécies exóticas como o eucalipto pode interferir na qualidade dos recursos alóctones e na ciclagem de nutrientes em riachos neotropicais.
 

Palavras-chave

decomposição foliar, mata ripária, sazonalidade, modelo exponencial negativo

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Submitted date:
03/31/2021

Accepted date:
03/25/2022

Publication date:
04/28/2022

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